Essays --

Bearing in mind the aim of creating ranking criteria to support GPICs decision in choosing the most insurance political party which it can rely on to pay its money back in case of a claim. ground research was initially performed to gain both knowledge and information regarding the Insurance industry in the Kingdom of Bahrain and worldwide. This knowledge in turn helped us to piddle to our final deliverable.This criterion was based on a number of factors, to name themInsurance company reputation both locally and worldwideCore job percentage & Insurance company area of specialtyNature of the insurance company, the question of is it a consolidated or non-consolidated company was the main concern.Insurance company performance based on specific ratios (detailed in the Financial analysis)Based communication networks so customers can reach them easily available branches, online communications (website, e-mails), and opened communication lines including telephone numbers, faxes etc.Sear ch Methodology and criteria formulation- Limitations and DifficultiesBefore reaching t...

King Henry IV Part 1 Essay -- Essays Papers

King total heat IV Part 1Al honey oilgh approximately people find it hard to climb out of a whole they have dug themselves into, Prince Hal in Henry IV Part I is able-bodied to redeem himself even after the English King and nobility view him as a derelict with no future. He proves himself authorized to the Royal peck when he defeats his young rival, Henry Percy. Through the exorcism of his immature ways, he earns himself the succession to the throne. In the opening scene of the play, King Henry hears news from the Earl of Northumberland that Henry Percy, the gallant Hotspur (1.1.52), is leading a successful campaign once morest Mortimer in Wales. The King reflects on how he wishes his own son were more equivalent Hotspur Yea, there thou makst me sad and makst me sin In envy that my Lord Northumberland Should be the father to so blest a son (Hotspur) A son who is the theme of honors tongue. Whilst I, b y looking to praise him, See riot and dishonor stain the brow Of my young Harry. (1.1.77)The King is envious of Northumberlands son, who does not waste his days like Prince Hal. The King is not proud to be the father of such a person. His son is wasting his days away with the fat-faced drunk, Falstaff. The two, along with others, spend their days robbing pricey people on their pilgrimages and drinking old sack. Prince Henry does, however, make clear that he intends to surprise the world by standing forth in his true character Yet herein will I imitate the sun, Who doth permit the base contagious clouds To smother up his beauty from the world, That, when he please again to... ...r, John, and asks for his reward for slaying the great leader. The brothers ignore him and retreat to find their comrades. The Prince was able to transform himself into the great leader that he knew he was capable of being regardless of what everyone else thought of him. On the other hand, Falstaff had no intention of changing who he was and probably would not be able to accomplish that task, either. Prince Hal dug himself a ample hole in life by enjoying the company of criminals and disgracing his family. Fortunately, he knew exactly how to solve his problem. By defeating Hotspur, he was able to earn the respect of the throne and the country. He fully exorcises his past through chivalry and his emergence as a war hero. Not only did he fight for his family, he fought for his beloved country. so went the valiant transformation from Hal to Prince Henry IV.

Essay --

Edith CoralesMed 2049Acute Renal Failure PTXTomie Nishime11/11/2013The human anatomy works is amazing in many ways and for the most affair it all works together to keep a person alive. Every part of the body is essential, but the most important parts are the full of life organs hence the word vital. In most cases the organs start working when the baby is just in the womb but as person hits a certain milestone the body starts to have complications. Even a healthy person can start to have problems because it is inevitable to keep down harmful toxic that could have a negative effect on the body. In reference to toxic, the organ that eliminates toxics out of the body is the kidney. As stated by the National Kidney Foundation Most people know that a major function of the kidneys is to remove waste products and excess politic from the body. These waste products and excess fluid are removed through the urine. The production of urine involves highly complex steps of excretion and re-abso rption. This process is necessary to maintain a stable equilibrise of body chemicals (2013). Therefore the kidneys need to be well cared for because any damage to it can cause a malfunction for instance, acute renal failure (ARF) reduces or completely stops the kidneys function to filter our waste from the blood and excreting it in a form of urine. There are three varied cause of acute renal failure prerenal, intrarenal and post renal. Pre-renal is a case when there is a loss of fluid in the body for example, hypovolemic appal due to internal bleeding can cause a prerenal ARF. Pre-renal happens outside of the body because of the depletion of vascular fluid. As noted by Needham in his article way of Acute Renal Failure, Pre-renal azot... ...ve a symptom of anorexia, nausea, vomiting and pruritus. The amount of urine being excreted out of the body can be measured and in a person has a urine output of 400ml within one day then it is considered oliguria. A even serious urination co mplication is anuresis which is the complete suppression of urine in the kidney, so no urine is being made. Reference The National Kidney Foundation (2013). Acute Renal Failure. Retrieved from http//www.kidney.org/atoz/atozTopic_KidneyDisease.cfm Needham, E M.D. (2005). counseling of Acute Renal Failure. Retrieved fromhttp//www.aafp.org/afp/2005/1101/p1739.html WebMD (2013). Topic overview Acute Renal Failure. Retrieved fromhttp//www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/uremic-syndrome Livestrong (2013). Acute & Chronic Renal Disease. Retrieved from http//www.livestrong.com/article/212266-acute-chronic-renal-disease/

A Comparison of the Culture of Things Fall Apart and Western Culture :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Culture of Things Fall Apart vs. horse opera Culture       Many societies open beliefs rooted deep in ancient religion. Some beliefs include polygamy, polytheism, and patriarchy, or rule by hands. One such shade is that of Achebes Things Fall Apart. Polytheism and polygamy are tailored in the clan, and the role of each family member is very defined. The men are overly domineering. The women and children are treated poorly and often beaten. Life in Achebes Umuofia would look very different to someone living in modern day America.   Chinua Achebes 1959 novel, Things fall Apart, takes place in the 1890s, just before British colonization. The novel focuses on the nine Ibo-speaking villages of Umuofia, which is Ibo for People of the Forest. Umuofia is the village in which Okonkwo, Achebes protagonist, prospers in everything and is able to secure his manly position in the tribe. Now known as Nigeria, this land was a primitive agricultural society com pletely run by men. Umuofia was known, and as Achebe says, ...feared by all its neighbors. It was powerful in war and in magic, and priests and medicine men were feared in all the surrounding country (11). Perhaps, its most powerful and feared magic was called ... agadi- nwayi, or old woman it had its shrine in the centre of Umuofia ... if anyone was so judicious as to pass by the shrine past dusk he was sure to see the old woman(12). The people of Umuofia are very utilize to their religion and their magic. These ancient beliefs were believed to give the people some sort of power over their oppressors.   One custom of Umuofia that would be very different from Western culture is Polygamy, the practice of having many wives. This custom is practiced in the connected nine villages of Umuofia. In fact, a mans wealth is partially measured by the number of wives he has. A wealthy man described in Things Fall Apart, had nine wives and thirty children. Okonkwo had three wi ves and eight children.   Polygamy is not something many Americans are accustomed to. Western culture teaches that monogamy, as opposed to polygamy, is the proper, accepted form of marriage. Western culture places that morality into its people, often from youth.

bridging the gap for womens wages :: essays research papers

Bridging the Gap for Womens Wages     Somehow, the unsexy issue of the paycheckequal pay for the same or equivalent workdropped hit the economic agenda. But it never left the minds of women (41). In her article entitled A New Campaign for Pay Equity, liberal columnist Ellen Goodman outlines the problem concerning the operate gap between men and women. By describing the present part of the pursue gap, Goodman points out that there argon things being done by the government for the wage gap, which include enforcing the laws that are in existence and suggesting that jobs of equal value be paid equal wages. Goodman then states that, even though laws are in betoken and goals have been announced, there is still a considerable slack in the governments progress. She holds that the laws are not being enforced as well as they could be and that society needs to transform the way it views the value of womens work, or still work in general. "Underlying the new campaig n for pay equity," Goodman emphasizes, "are attitudes that are changing faster than wages" (41). Here, she suggests that people are beginning to ponder why womens wages are lower. Goodman explains that in order for the issue to be solved, the changes leave behind have to begin on a state level and move up to the national level as momentum and support are gained. Goodman concludes with an amazing statistic Because of the gender gap, womens families lose $200 billion each year. This statistic helps Goodman enforce the idea that although there are improvements afoot, ". . . half a cent a year just wont cut it.      I can honestly say that the first time or two I read the essay, I found it hard to vocalise an opinion on the topic covered. At first, I thought that maybe Goodman was victimizing women and just complaining. But the more the class delved into the topic, the more I saw that it was genuinely a problem in our society. My mother has worked in the same printing factory for more than twenty years. She started at the age of eighteen, at the lowest position possible and has worked her way up to becoming the second-most powerful person in the plant. Her title is Production Supervisor and she is the only woman supervisor in the company. In fact, there are only a small number of women that are not working as temporary employees in her company.

bridging the gap for womens wages :: essays research papers

Bridging the Gap for Womens Wages     Somehow, the unsexy issue of the paycheckequal pay for the same or equivalent workdropped make the economic agenda. But it never left the minds of women (41). In her article entitled A New Campaign for Pay Equity, liberal columnist Ellen Goodman outlines the problem concerning the employ gap between men and women. By describing the present function of the earnings gap, Goodman points out that there atomic number 18 things being done by the government for the wage gap, which include enforcing the laws that are in existence and suggesting that jobs of equal value be paid equal wages. Goodman then states that, even though laws are in crop and goals have been announced, there is still a considerable slack in the governments progress. She holds that the laws are not being enforced as well as they could be and that society needs to transform the way it views the value of womens work, or on the nose work in general. "Under lying the new campaign for pay equity," Goodman emphasizes, "are attitudes that are changing faster than wages" (41). Here, she suggests that people are beginning to ponder why womens wages are lower. Goodman explains that in order for the issue to be solved, the changes give have to begin on a state level and move up to the national level as momentum and support are gained. Goodman concludes with an astounding statistic Because of the gender gap, womens families lose $200 billion each year. This statistic helps Goodman enforce the idea that although there are improvements afoot, ". . . half a cent a year just wont cut it.      I can honestly say that the first time or two I read the essay, I found it hard to fashion an opinion on the topic covered. At first, I thought that maybe Goodman was victimizing women and just complaining. But the more the class delved into the topic, the more I saw that it was in truth a problem in our society. My mot her has worked in the same printing factory for more than twenty years. She started at the age of eighteen, at the lowest position possible and has worked her way up to becoming the second-most powerful person in the plant. Her title is Production Supervisor and she is the only woman supervisor in the company. In fact, there are only a small number of women that are not working as temporary employees in her company.

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence Essay

Adolescence is a ontogenesisal phase with issues that have repercussions throughout adult life. It is a bound of vast change, more aptly described as a series of phases that mark the transition from childhood to adulthood. It is also a menses of life in which several forms of sociopathy and psychopathology often appears. Adolescence is both a biological carry through and a social-cultural transition.The juvenile organism undergoes a act of product and maturation as it moves toward adult size and functional capacity, and, more or less concurrently, the soulfulness must pass through a transition from the status and conduct of a child to the responsibilities of the adult. The suit adequate adjustment of these processes, each to the separate, and the appropriate direction and timing of the demands made by adults upon the developing adolescent are important factors in the residuum and adequacy of growing up in our culture. Physical Development in AdolescenceThe normal human life s pan whitethorn be considered as dividable roughly into three epochs the first, which extends from c onception until past the age of twenty, is the time required to attain adulthood the help is the variable, but usually very brief, period during which the individual enjoys the peak of his physical efficiency and the third is the period of physical deterioration, a process which begins insidiously as early as the late twenties and, fabrication speed as the long time go by, egresss his change surfacetual senility and dissolution.Thus, the first twenty-odd years of life are spent in achieving physical adulthood and a degree of physiologic equilibrium which is lost, at least in part, almost as soon as it is attained. If this seems an exaggerated statement, one need but recall that the baseball player is usually past the peak of his physical efficiency at thirty and that the pugilists legs have already begun to obtuse him down some years earlier. Viewed in this path, it is, perha ps, not too much to say that man has scarcely begun to live when he begins to die.Adolescence begins early in the second decade and is usually considered as ending at rough the twenty-second or twenty-third year in male childs and somewhat earlier in girls. It covers, therefore, almost the support ten years of what was just referred to as the first epoch of life, the period extending from conception to adulthood. The physical changes which occur during this early period of life acknowledge both growth and development growth, in the sense of an increase in mass, volume, and external dimensions, and development, in the sense of becoming ramp upively more complex.These 2 processes, growth and development, do not proceed at the same absolute rate or at the same relative rate throughout this early period of life. There are intervals during which the body is increasing in size more rapidly than it is growing in complexity, and them are other times at which this birth is reversed. Some of the develop mental changes which occur during adolescence are, perhaps, best appreciated when viewed in the light of some events which have preceded them.When we speak of things which are determined by heredity in the human body, such traits as eye color, hair color, hair form, skin color, or such defects as hemophilia, red-green color blindness, etc. , suggest themselves. We are apt(predicate) to lose sight of the fact that, in addition to determining a vast number of what may more or less properly be called unit characters such as those which were just enumerated, there is also in the germ plasm some mechanism which controls larger aspects of development and which insures, for example, that human beings wear rise only to other human beings and that elephants continue to produce only elephants.The genetic constitution of man, like that of other forms, controls another important aspect of development. It not only determines at bottom rather narrow limits what the end pr oduct of development impart be, but it also prescribes quite definitely the stages to be followed in attaining that end. (Blos, P, 1967). It has change state increasingly unambiguous that the growth and development of the child is a more or less orderly sequence or process which, for convenience, we classify into motley arbitrary steps or periods.It is also clear that each individual child moves through this sequence at his or her own rate of progress and attains dimensions of structure, function, and behavior that are idiomatic to the individual. Thus, while we observe a certain order and regularity of process, we may also note a wide revolution of products, as exhibited by groups of individuals who differ in size, shape, and capacity, although of the same chronological age.As a result of these pronounced differences in rates of growth and maturation, the number of years a person has lived is in many situations of less signifi roll in the hayce than the level of physiological and social maturity he has attained. Differences in the time of maturing are sometimes of great importance to the individual. The early-maturing child has a shorter period of prepuberal development than the late-maturing child.Conversely, the child with early puberty may have a prolonged period in which to make adolescent social adjustments, while the late maturing may have to compress these adjustments into a shorter interval before reaching adulthood. Preceding and accompanying knowledgeable maturation the child undergoes a transformation in size and body form of greater or Im degree, with a lengthening of the legs that sometimes producesan almost emergent change in height. Some rapidly growing boys and girls may shoot up and within a brief period of eighteen months or dickens years attain nearly their full adult stature.Others may grow belatedly but continuously over a longer period. It has become observable that puberty is merely an early stage in adolescent development. It may be two or three years after the first flowing before the girls will ovulate and attain full sex maturation and the capacity for procreation. Less is known about the male, and at present it is not mathematical to say when spermatogenesis or production of motile, functionally potent sperm does occur. At this point we should also note that recent studies show that every individual is bi-sexual, with the provide of producing both male and female sex hormones.These male and female hormones have been found in the urine of boys and girls as early as five or six years of age they increase in quantity as children approach puberty. Initially, the female sex hormones (estrogens) are more signifi undersurfacet for puberal development even in the male, who develops only somewhat later a characteristic preponderance of male hormones (androgens). This balance of male and female hormones directs or controls the sex maturation of the boy and girl and the appearance of the secondary sex chara cteristicsbreasts, pubic and axillary hair, beard, voice changes, etc. Esman, A. H, 1975).One important aspect of adolescent development is that the growth of other dimensions and of the several organ systems may lag behind growth in stature. The very tall boy of fifteen or sixteen may even have juvenile, undeveloped gonads, while his heart and circulatory system, the respiratory system, and the gastrointestinal tract may still be relatively immature and progressing only slowly toward the size and functional capacity appropriate to his stature.Conversely, the boy or girl who reaches puberty at an earlier age apparently grows and develops more as a whole, with fewer biological discrepancies and organic imbalances. But this earlier puberty has its disadvantages as well as advantages, especially in view of the social consequences of outgrowing former friends and associates. A simple analogy may serve to illustrate this. We can imagine a hundred boys and a hundred girls starting from N ew York to California. A wasted number of them will travel by airplane, arriving there quickly.Another and larger group will travel by fast limited express trains and cause soon after the first group. A still larger group will travel by trains operating on the usual time-schedules some will go by bus, others by hitch-hiking, and a very few will attempt to trudge across the continent on foot. Not all of the two hundred will reach their destination, for some will be lost en route. Those who do arrive will bear the evidence of how they traveled-including the discomforts and dangers of each method of travel.Similarly, in the course of child development, each mode of travel, each pattern of growth and maturation, involves its peculiar biological and personality risks. Just because the whole organism is changing, in organ systems and functions as well as in external size and shape, impairment often occurs in the ability to maintain homeostasis, or physiological stability. particularly during the period when mixed parts of the organism are cover their maximum discrepancies in rates of growth, we may find that some functional sotivities are amiss integrated.If these interacting functions become seriously out of balance, as may sometimes happen as a result of neglect, overstrain, inadequate nutrition, or other adverse factors, it in possible that the residual effects of this adolescent disturbance will be carried over to influence, when they emerge, the physiological patterns and homeostatic capacity of the adult. (Freud, A, 1958). Boys or girls who complete their growth within a relatively short time may experience only a brief period of instability and may therefore be able to go forward to adult status with less internal incongruity.On the other hand, a brief period of growth may entail disturbances of various kinds merely because of the sudden, unexpected increase in size. During this brief period the adolescent must revise his image of the body and campaign to become accustomed to a new body size and form. Moreover, many of the eye-hand co-ordinations and other patterns of muscular co-ordination built up over the years of childhood may be rendered obsolete by these changes, so that the individual may find himself clumsy and painfully incapable of even simple activities. Cognitive Development in AdolescenceAdolescence is a time in which cognitive process is ever expanding, reminiscent of the childs shift from being a nonreader to being a reader. Suddenly, the innovation opens up to that child. What once appeared as jumbles of letters now appears as words messages, directions, communications of all kinds. For adolescents, it is the abstract world that is now open the world of ideas and concepts. Adolescents can think about thinking, think through hypotheses, think ahead. This is what allows them to use the defense of intellectualization, which A. Freud (1958) identified in Adolescence. Adolescents can think instead of taking action as a way to discharge energy and reduce conflict. With the development of the capacity for abstract thinking, adolescents can think beyond the present they can conceptualize a past. This is how they can give way childhood, an abstraction, behind while they live in the present and, eventually, begin to contemplate a future.In her 1937 article, Katan described object removal as a process that involves a directional change for adolescents wherein they leave old ways of looking at important people behind. This takes place in the context of an adolescents ability to conceptualize a past. When analytic thinking develops, the social, governmental, aesthetic, and religious spheres open up for the adolescents exploration. Adolescents develop theories about how these spheres should be and then try to validate their theories by looking at the world around them. According to Inhelder and Piaget (1958), this represents an important change in the direction of thinking Children look at the world an d develop hypotheses to explain what they see adolescents think about what is possible and then look out to see whether they are correct. Reality is secondary to possibility.This is described as the change from concrete to formal operations. In Piagetian theory, adolescence marks the transition from the concrete operational thinking characteristics of school aged children to formal logical operations. egg operations involve the ability to manipulate abstraction such as algebraic expressions, to reason from known principal, to way many points of view according to change criteria, and to think about the process of thinking itself. Some early adolescence demonstrates formal thinking, others acquire the capability later, and others dont acquire at all.Young adolescents may be able to apply formal operations to school work but to not to personal dilemmas. When the emotional stakes are high, magical thinking, such as the conviction of invulnerability, may interfere with higher order co gnition. The ability to treat possibilities as real entities may affect critical decision, such as whether or not to have unprotected intercourse or engage in other risk taking behavior. Some theorists argue that the transition from concrete to formal operations follows from quantitative increases in knowledge, experience, and cognitive efficiency rather than a qualitative recognition of thinking.Consistent with this view are data showing a steady rise in cognitive processing speed from late childhood through early adulthood, associated with a reduction in synaptic number (pruning of less used path ways) and progressive maturation of electroinsephalographis results. It is unclear whether or not the hormonal changes of puberty directly affect cognitive development. The development of moral thinking roughly parallels general cognitive development. Mostly adolescents perceive right and wrong as absolute and unquestionable.Taking a loaf of starting line to feed are starving child is wr ong because it is Stealing. Adolescents often question received morality, embracing the behavior standards of the peer group. Group membership may allow them to displays guilt feelings for perceived moral infractions from themselves to the group. With the transition to formal operational thought, middle adolescents question and analyze extensively. Questioning of moral conventions fosters the development of personal codes of ethics. such(prenominal) codes often appear design to justify the adolescents sexual apatite anything I want is right.In other cases, adolescents may embrace a code that is more strict than that of there parents, perhaps in response to the anxiety engendered by the weakening of the conventional limits. An adolescents new flexibility of thought has pervasive effects on relationships with self and others. In late adolescents sexual experimentation decreases as they adopt more stable sexual identities. cognition tends to be less self-centered, with increasing thou ghts about concepts such as justice, patriotism, and history. Older adolescents are often idealistic but also may be absolutistic and intolerant of opposing views.Religious or political groups that promise answers to complex question may hold great appeal. According to Kohlberg and Gilligan (1971) looked at whether the Piagetian stages of cognitive development corresponded to Kohlbergs six stages of moral development. They found correspondence in childhood and established that it was only with the attainment of formal operations that Kohlbergs last stages of moral development could be achieved. Adolescents delight especially in consideration of that which is not, a capacity that develops in the move from concrete to formal operations.They show a marked preference for abstraction. This may be what permits adolescents to deidealize their parents, a necessary component of the second individuation process that takes place at this time (Blos, 1967). Early adolescents can see that other p arents are different from theirs by midadolescence, they are able to criticize their parents for things that they have not done or ways that they have not been. Both of these serve the adolescent disengagement process. According to Esman (1975) the state of anomie in which adolescents find themselves once the deidealization of their parents takes place.They go through a mourning process in which they may search for alternative gods in politics, religion, or ideology. This process may also simply serve to motivate a search for values, political and religious beliefs, or ethics. This search often brings the adolescent into contact with different groups. The group involvement diminishes some of the anomie that results from the disengagement from the family of origin. That to which people aspire is denoted as their ego ideal. As people approach this ego ideal, self-esteem rises.Blos posited that there is a maturation of the ego ideal during adolescence given that adolescents develop the capacity and the pauperism to formulate values and goals that are different from those of their parents. It is the move toward autonomy that permits goals and values to be examined and reformulated. Adolescents look to the world around them for both people and ideas that may be transiently used to aid them in forming these new goals and values. Thinking about, through, ahead, and beyond are all forms of exercising new likely and gaining mastery over both internal and external reality.These contribute to the adolescents achievement of greater competence. An adolescent does not have to look to others for explanations of that which is not immediately comprehensible hypotheses can be generated and tested. This contributes to the adolescents sense of greater autonomy. Researchers on the development of a concept of self during adolescence note that there is more differentiation evident over time. This is seen as a direct result of adolescents increasing cognitive ability. The component s of their self-concept become more and more complex, both quantitatively and qualitatively.This is very much in keeping with the second individuation theory of Blos (1967), which posits that adolescents have an increased capacity to see and define themselves. In their major study of sex differences, Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) established that the effect of childrens cognitive skill is greater than the influence of their parents attitudes and behavior on the development of sex roles. This suggests that it is the greater cognitive skill of adolescents that leads them to be more aware(predicate) of and responsive to sex differences.A major psychoanalytic characterization of self or identity is that people form mental pictures or representations of themselves. The representations of adolescents must include images of their now more mature bodies. This gives them a sense of ownership of their bodies. It is no longer the caretaker of bodily needs from childhood who is responsible for se eing to the body it is the adolescent. These mental representations of the body must include images of the genitals as functioning organs for the adolescent to feel identified as male or female, or potential father or mother.

Informative Paper Essay

IntroductionI. Attention-Grabbing introductionStaple center, Los Angeles, California. Friday November, 4th 2013 124PM The patronage match. After a weekend full of ups and downs, twist and turns it all comes to this. 1 week earlier, the previous Friday thousands hold flown down to the heart of it all. Crowded around the yield hall doors, people everywhere, spectators itching to get the best seats.Players going over in game builds, timings, and strategies just one more time until the doors finally open. 8 teams of 5 players to a team were seated into the week long tournament and now only two remain. Royal Club and SK Telecom are mollify veterans of League of Legends and now they sit on opposite ends on top of the world championship main stage. Ready to compete head to head for the meretricious prize of 1 million dollars in front of 1000s right there in Los Angeles and millions watching from all around the world.II. TopicThese millions from around the world have emitted their love for gaming into a hugely popular phenomena known as Electronic sports or better known as of E-Sports. Viewership has seen explosive proceeds in 2013 and is still growing with no sign of deterrence. Now with the integration of technology into our culture a new type of athlete has risen. One that doesnt bring home the bacon victory heavily based on the bronze that is armed but with the critical thinking and reflex of the mind. An extinctsider might find this such a concept laughable but these pro gamers are far from any negative stereotypes you whitethorn have.III. Ethos & Audience AdaptationMy name is Jonathon Allen and I have been a fan and member of the E-Sports community for nearly a decade. I have had opportunities to play professionally at the MLG North American Regionals in Columbus and cutting Yorkin 2012 which I have placed 2nd and 3rd in out of 30 teams. Over the years I have also conducting considerable research on E-Sports ranging from players and teams to the technol ogy side of running and mending events in the industry. E-Sports can be a lot to digest for someone looking in for the first time so Ill explain exactly what and how big E-Sports really is including the potential E-Sports has to expand and grow. Before we go any further Id like to present this photograph to visually show you exactly what E-Sports is and most importantly what it feels like.Visual AidBodyI.This is E-Sports, competition at its finest.Players competing for cash in prizes ranging from thousands to millions. Top players make 6 figure incomes and are even sponsored by big corporations such as Monster, Intel, Redbull, Asus, and Kingston. Pro gamers are locked into head to head fight in games like League of Legends. A DOTA-MMO style game thats played as a team of 5 people VS 5 people. The aspiration of the game is strategizing on how to win by taking the enemies base while leveling up and generating gold. Most games usually last around 40 minutes.II.You may ask why would someone watch someone else play a video game? Thats simple the excitement from watching others play video games stands as the corresponding excitement we get from watching other athletes perform at sports such as football. T.J. Heffer from PC gamer Magazine statesWhat makes any competition enkindle is watching very skilled individuals struggle for victory in a setting where the outcome is uncertain and the moment to moment back and forth keeps you on your toes. Heffer continuous Rather or not you want to call them sports they showcase people with amazing critical thinking, planning, and decision making skills and frankly inhuman reflexes as well. The level of professional level in a game lie League of Legends is mind boggling. Professional gamers put their heart and soul into the game.They have drive, passion, dangerous work and dedication just like any professional athlete you can think of.III.As Im assuming E-Sports may be disaffect to many of you but in nations like South Kor ea games such as StarCraft have already become something of a national sport. Paul Tassi of Forbs Magazine express Overseas, top players are treated like professional Athletes. Though South Korea has become atoned to the notion of playing games professionally North America believe it or not is where the biggest interest for pro gaming lies.In North American E-Sports, leagues and organic laws have risen and grown in the past 3 years. In of these leagues the biggest E-Sports organization is Major League Gaming or MLG. Founded in 2002 Major League Gaming features numerous tournaments in a year where various gamers fly out to major cities across the US like Columbus to compete. In MLGs Annual Viewership Report for the 2013 season they reported 15 million unique viewing audience tuned into watch online during the 2013 season.As those 15 million witnessers tuned in last year its clear that E-Sports has already landed a very still footing into the hearts of Americans across the United States. But perhaps even more thrilling and exciting is the growth that E-Sports has already shown. Between 2010 2013 MLG has seen a 733% growth in viewership from 1.8 million to 15 Million. Comparing that to the NFLS record growth of 18% in the past 3 years thats 715% more than the NFL.Lets not down play the viewership of the NFL which has recorded a record of 28.1 Million viewers for their 2013 2014 season. But you start to understand thus to how much potential E-Sports has when MLG a company thats only been around for 11 years has acquired a viewership of 15 million. Just a little above half of the NFLS record viewer count 28.1 an organization that has been around for nearly a 100 years.ConclusionWith these statistics of expansion and with how overseas treats E-Sports like a national sport and with pro gamers possessing the same set of virtues that any professional athlete has along the millions around the globe thatalready are a part of the community only drives E-Sports. Its not really a question of is it, its really a question of when When asked about where he sees E-Sports going and what to expect of the industry. MLG Co-Founder Sundance DiGiovanni in a position that puts him at the hell of the entire E-Sports industry told Forbs Magazine in 2012 that in 5 years he expects E-Sports to be a globally recognized phenomena. A sincerely yours established global sport.

Best-Self Portrait

Learning Project 1, Part 4-6 LP1, Part 4 What ar separates experiences of me when I am my silk hat? Phase 1 Creating the Reflected Best-Self personation When I am at best, I help people. I motivate myself and pure tone motivated when I get to help others. Whether its a stranger, colleague, friends, or family, I feel my passion in assisting those in need. As long as its within my capability and moral belief that what people shoot for help is ethical and legal, I give them my attention and sentence. I feel happy that I am satisfactory to give a hand, and I feel happy to see people be pursue happy with the help I give them.Helping others put smiles on my face and also on them as well. I feel proud of myself that I grant the power to help the others. For families and friends, I am eer open for help and be supportive. I bank that if in that respect be people aside there who applaud to help, there will be m either people who will return the helping spirit to other peo ple. I incessantly separate out to be responsible with tasks I have been given, and also be responsible with myself. I believe it is grievous to have trusts and some(prenominal) independence and dependence to others. Being responsible is an important part of me.When I suffice a promise, I try my best to keep the promise because it is my responsibility. I am persistent and drive myself to bring the end result, a good result, of things I was responsible for. As an employee, I hold onto the responsibilities as an employee to provide my best in each shift, and do every(prenominal) the tasks given by my supervisor and managers. It is in my best interest to neer lose any reason to not smile. I try to go steady reasons to smile everywhere and every day, whether the reason involves weather, my job, friends, or baseer things like I woke up early for the day.So I make reasons to be optimistic, to start the day content and positive. I cut that its important for me to go on positive and find things to be happy slightly. I love having opportunities to learn reinvigorated things and experience and growth impudent skills. The fact that there still are opportunities for new experiences is important to me. Because I think these opportunities are getting less as you get older, I try my best to grab every opportunity I can do learn new skills that are practical in the future.When an opportunity is shown to me, I commit myself until I achieve in grabbing that opportunity and absorb everything I can do to face new challenges and learn. I adapt to the new circumstances and am open-minded to different things. I may not be competitive, but I am driven to get things done and be successive at it. I stay focused on what I have started and never give up until I complete the task. I am a hard-worker, who tries the best to achieve success. As long as I dont bring negative do around me in the process, I dont altogether give up but also act to put my best effort to be tr iumphant.I stay focused. My family is important to me. Because I cant see them often or regularly, I am much loyal to them than ever. I care and treasure them. I express my love in many different ways. I let them receive I still love them no matter how remote I am now today. I support them mentally and orally I let some tension and troubles away from them and I always stay responsive to them. When asked for help, I am enthusiastic to help them the best I can. I feel responsible to love them and be a supportive family division to them as they are to me.Like it is my job to love and be dutiful to my parents as a daughter, my job is exactly the same for all the other family phalluss. I am a good friend. I am a good listener, listening to my friends problems and worries. I support my friends but I write out when to be honest and realistic, with the decision of helping them Patterns/Themes Declaration Examples Given Helpful I believe in be selfless, making small differences, pu tting smiles on others faces, being compassionate, and have a heart to help. 1. Helping Coral out, with the Calgary geography2. Listen to Dannys concerns and problems. Responsible I believe in giving trust and confidence to others. I believe in being trustworthy, reliable, and accountable to my actions and behaviors, regardless of situations. 1. Being the daughter to my parents. 2. Be responsible as an employee and a co-worker to help and provide fitting skills at Swarovski. Supportive I believe in screening up the people I care about, encouraging them, helping them, defending them, and loving them. 1. Encouraging and complimenting Coral and her new place. 2. plaudit and Recommending the trendy styles to Danny. Adaptable I believe in the power to adapt to new surroundings and situations, learning new skills and experiences to make them my own. 1. Adapting to the new country, new metropolis and new language when first immigrated to Canada. 2. Adapting to the new atmosphere of working places when got the job at the Swarovski. Ambitious I believe in being compassionate and vehement to have goals, work hard, and successfully achieve them. 1. Accepting new responsibilities and tasks at work. 2. Got in to the school band, to let off my flute skills. Loyal I believe in loving my families, giving them my time and effort.I believe in the presence of family value and care for one another. 1. Be the best supportive and loving family member to all of my families and relatives. 2. Always be on the side of my friends, trusting them. 3. Have Dannys back with his problems. Cheer him up even when I wasnt very much interested. broad-minded I believe in the differences in ideas, interests, and conflicts. I ac knowledge those differences and am unbiased and receptive. 1. Be open to the sensitive questions from Danny3. Be receptive to what can be condescending questions and statements from Danny about my religion2.Open to different cultures, when first came to Canad a. Loving and welcoming I believe in the loving and welcoming all of those who enters into my behavior. Once entered, I love and value them regardless of circumstances 1. Welcoming Coral to Calgary and to my friends. 2. Making Sinae feel at ease at my place. Appendices Best-Self Stories 1. From a work colleague I have the ability to give a hand whenever any co-worker asked. For example, there was a time when Choa asked if I could help her with arranging all the inventories in the back room, I agreed to help with a smile.The back room was a mess and it was going to take a long time to arrange because the inventories were not in order of product names. Choa and I started get to work, by prioritizing the sections that we needed to organize. I set the sections in the best order so we could finish by the end of our shifts. Although we didnt work together many times before, we managed to work together well, helping one another. I didnt lose smile although there were lot of work to do. I helped her when she was handling heavy inventories. In the end, we managed to finish our jobs, and end up gotten closer than before. 2.From a work colleague I was troubled getting used to the new working place as well as being with new co-workers. When I got the job at the Swarovski, I was the only one who was new and all the others all so close to one another. But I got along with the co-workers, getting used to their system of how they do things in their own ways. Although Choas way of working was bit different than the others, I soon adapt to her system, so I could help her better and let her work with me more effectively and faster. I was very civil and almost diplomat that she or others did not feel threatened or uncomfortable during my first couple of weeks.By the time my job was near the end, I was friends with everyone, including the manager. 3. From a friend I am receptive and open-minded whenever Danny wanted someone to talk to. For example, there were times when he ta lked about religions. Although our religions were different, and there may have been times where Dannys questions were perhaps inappropriate and offensive, I never judged him or get offended. I understood the differences in views of people, and I thought it is normal and possible for others to have such views or questions that might be condescending.I tried my best to help him understand my point of views with all the knowledge I know about my religion. And I listened to what he sees and perceives about religions and actually paying attention to what he is saying without stopping him or jog him. 4. From a friend I was always nice to a friend, and be the best friend. For example, because Danny loves shopping, he used to ask me if I could join him time to time. If I wasnt too busy, I always accompanied him to the mall, helping him choose the clothes.There were times when I didnt want to go because I end up wasting my cash but I still went most of the times because he needed that to be cheered up and I knew he needed a company. I was always supportive, even if I was tired and exhausted following him, and even recommended the trendy and fitting styles to him. He trusted me to tell him what was good or bad for him, and I did exactly that when necessary. I listened to his problems and gossips when we are together, when we were shopping, and I backed him up and cheered him when he felt down and discouraged about his relationships or purports. With the best advices thatI could give him, he could steam off some stress and worries for that week. And I was also happy because I could see he became happy. 5. From a friend I am large(p) at making people happy and comfortable. For example, I visited Korea with Sinae for the summer. And she was staying at my parents place with me for the whole trip. She was little bit uncomfortable and apologetic that she might disturb any family moments. The whole atmosphere of the Korean neighborhood made her being unease. I made sure t hat she didnt feel uncomfortable by always being with her and clear her to the family outings.I constantly talked and joked with her when we were with my families so that she can join in the same conversation and be more active and feel welcomed. She later was fully relaxed and was herself. 6. From a family member I am great being responsible. As a daughter, I did and still do my best to take care of family/daughter duties. For example, it is hard to lead alone with both of my parents living in another country. But I always find the time to write them letters for celebrations, to call and email them, and always keep constant interactions with them.Because my parents do not know whats going on with my spiritedness, I let them know, talking to them about almost everything, from small to larger things. I feel responsible as their daughter to update them with my life, whether I have exams coming up or I have an interview. But I think it is also my responsibility to not make them wor ried. So I dont tell them how stressed I am with my school or having a boy crisis. 7. From a family member I am great at adapting to new environment and new challenges. When we first immigrated to Calgary, all I know was the simple hi, how are you English.Everything was just so different, with people, language, and the culture. But when I started going to a junior high school, I never complained or cried. I never screamed at my mom, that I want to go back. I adapted well, studying English hard as well as other regular classes. I also got into the school band, because I wanted to play the flute. I was one of the good performers who knew how to play the flute, which helped me make friends lot better. If I didnt have power to adapt, I wouldve never fully got use to Calgary, made no friends, and cried every night. 8.From a friend I am always being kind to her. From the moment I met Coral, I tried my best to be supportive and a friend to her because she was new to Calgary. Because she di d not have any friends or didnt know any places to buy things or go eat, I showed her to good restaurants and good stores to buy school suppliers with good prices. If I had time, I sometimes went to the places she wanted to go with her so that she wouldnt get lost. I introduced her to my friends with the same major as her or similar habits. I invited her when I hung out with my friends so she wouldnt get lonely.Now, we are closer than anyone, trusting one another. Coral helps me with the problems I have, returning all kindness to me, which I am very welcome for. LP1, Part 6 personal Integrative Analysis Analysis 1. What are the five ideas or perceptivitys from this course, central to the primary question? There are many ways to find out my transportable skills, and I actually have more transferable skills than I previously thought. The exercises taught me to never lose confidence within myself because they showed me different skills that I didnt pee before.Another insight that I learned is that there are many different ways to see things and each way can get myself to express my transferable skills, capacities and/or values differently. Depends on how I value myself, I can have different skills on one thing. The more I can gain and improve many transferable skills, the more my individual genius to be able to overlap with the world of work. I believe that if I can make up my zone of skills and values, I will easily find the appropriate fit between myself and the world. I will know many skills, both professional and practical, to allow me to adapt to the outside world lot better and faster. . What are three insights that I have been able to integrate within this course? One of the insight that I was able to integrate within this course is that there are many things that I am and should be grateful for and I now know I should be expressing them. I learned that it is important for me to feel appreciated to things around me and within me I shouldnt take thing s for granted. Feeling grateful for even small things can change my mood and the way I feel and act. Another insight is that I should pause my life once in awhile and wager at my life in terms of goals, achievement, and stages that I am in right now.Am I in the right path of being happy with my life? Where am I with my goals and achievement? I learned that although things around me, like a job and relationships with people, are important, taking care of myself and evaluating myself is also very important to me too. When I am working and trying to survive in the outside world, I will know better to stop and go through my life mission and goals. The knowledge I was able to grab from this course is that truly knowing who I am, what I want, and what I did and have is priceless.I always thought that I knew myself pretty well, better than anyone else, but this course taught me how and what to do in order to look within myself. I now know that I will try to go over these steps I have lear ned to update my info to myself time to time. 3. My individual genius when interacting with others? I think I am more aware of my individual genius when Im interacting with others than before. Because I know more about my individual genius, I think I will be able to grab many opportunities to improve on them while interacting with other people.I know what and when I can exercise and best perform my transferable skills. 4. Two new interest or values? One of my new interest is the self-awareness. I think I entered this new level of not only understanding about myself, but of the ways and steps that I am to learn about myself. I never thought that knowing myself is valued this much by everyone in professional world as well as in personal life. I now know that it is in one of my best interest to continue with widen my self-awareness and self-understanding. It is good knowing myself, and its beautiful being confident.After all the exercises, I now learn to be appreciative. Exercises I di d in classes first forced me to find things that I feel grateful, and then after couple of them, I know the importance of being grateful. Things I have been ignoring are now the ones that am grateful for. These exercises opened my eyes. The fact that I feel grateful for small to big things, I feel like I am more positive. I didnt know that this exercise made to see more beautiful things than I did before. 5. When am I most confident? When am I to the lowest degree(prenominal)(prenominal) confident? I am most confident when I am using my top strengths, helping people.When I am in a position to help other, which is whenever, there is no need for me to waste time to see if Im confident to help or now. If I can help, I help. If the help requires a special knowledge that I do not have, I either dont help or I take instructions. I am most confident when I look at myself. I know myself the best, and I can express myself to me the best. With the help of this course, I think I am better a t it. When Im at least confident, Im standing in front of the class, getting all the unwanted attention, and have to present.Although I may be most confident expressing myself to me, I am least confident when I am either expressing myself to the group of people or present. It makes my whole body shake and my heart beat fastens like there is no tomorrow even when Im thinking about speaking out loud in a class full of people. I am also least confident when I need to be the sole leader. I think that even if I am qualified to be a leader, I cant come out and lead because I never had that many opportunities before. I think that when I am assigned to be a leader, thats when Im scared for myself.

The Muscular System:Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System Skeletal Muscle Tissue Fill in the characteristics of the three muscle types Muscle Type Cardiac Shape of carrell Skeletal branching chains of electric cells single, long cylindrical of nuclei 15 um in diamter, small Striations yes, has myofibrils and sarcomers Control involuntary 100 um In size, big Smooth single, bower shape cells 2-10 In diameter, medium yes, presences of myoflbrilsno presence of myofibrils and sarcomeres voluntary tendons What attaches muscles to bone? 3. The whole muscle is composed of muscle cells (fibers) grouped in bundles called fascicles 4.Name the connective tissue coverings meet the adjacent Whole muscle epimysium perimysium Fascicles endomysium Muscle cell 5. Match the following three terms with their definitions 2 Sarcolemma Sarcoplasmic reticulum Cytosol 6. endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cell 3 intracellular fluid around organelles plasma membrane of muscle cell Terminal cisternae T-tubules 2 Triad 1 7. part of sarcolemmac arries action potential part of sarcoplasmic reticulumstores calcium ions Myofibrils consist of contractile proteins calledName the two types and what theyre composed of thin filaments composed of protien actin protien myosin heavy filaments 8. . microfilaments Arrangement of myofilaments. Give the letter name of for each one band Dark band + A band Light band + band Match two definitions with each band contains only thin filaments A contains defined by length of thick filament A defined 9. both thick and thin filaments as distance between two thick filaments Z line (disc) defined by length of thick filament, A band the H zones lies within the A band where the thick filaments are H zone 10.What happens to these areas during contraction? the z- lines move close Z line (disc) H zone the h zone will lesson in width during the contraction 11. demarcate these two terms this is a thin or a fine band that is dark and will cross over into the center of the M line A band and has stria ted fiber muscles are muscles that have two important filaments, thin and thick. they lie in between Sarcomere bands 12. the two z- Organization of muscle. Put the following components in order, from smallest to largest 6 fascicle 2 muscle myofibril 4 myofilament 5 muscle 1 muscle fiber.

Gandhi Concept of Development

GANDHIS WAY Decentralization According to Gandhi, modern civilisedization was responsible for impoverishing the Indian colonisations, which occupied a pivotal position in the Indian situation. Gandhi has always been a critic of the centralization of economic and political power. Large scale production inevitably led to concentration of economic and political power. tire out and material, production and distribution became the monopoly of the fewer rich. Such a concentration of economic power resulted in corresponding centralization of political power.Aldous Huxley, in hisScience,LibertyandPeace, draw attention to this universal end of modern technology The centralizing of industrial capacity in big, mass-producing factories has resulted in the centralization of a large part of the people in cities and the reduction of ever-increasing numbers of individuals to complete dependence upon a few private superiorists and their managers, or upon the public capitalist, the state, rep resented by politicians and working through civil servants.So far as liberty is concerned, there is little to choose between the two types of bosses. 14 One of the recurring themes in the writings and pronouncements of Gandhi is this centralizing tendency of technology I want the concentration of wealth, non in the hands of few but in the hands of all. Today machinery merely helps a few to give upe on the backs of millions. 15Again he said, What is industrialism but a control of the majority by the small minority? 16 The solution to the trouble of centralization consists in decentralization of political and economic power.Small-scale, manageable techniques, capable of being handled by individual producers, the co-operatives in the villages or the region should be granted priority and promoted on a mass scale for the benefit of the lot. Gandhi, though judged wrongly by many, was not advocating a re free rein to medieval techniques. He vehemently opposed the indiscriminate multip lication of large-scale industries which obstructed village development. He wanted technological research to be village-oriented, perfecting the cottage and village industries. When both village should be able to feature its deliver technology, economic power forget be diffused and the illage will emerge in the Gandhian scheme as the nucleus of social life. Decentralization of economic power will result in the decentralization of political power. Modern technology will no more(prenominal) be in a position to exploit the village. A proper balance between agriculture and industry will be established and, in due course, the village will exert a transformative influence. Production will be regulated by the needs of the village. Py arelal has very lucidly described this consanguinity Agriculture in this set-up will go hand in hand with industry.Such products of the village, as they enter into the daily consumption of the villagers or as they are requisite for their cottage crafts, will be processed in the village itself the surplus unsocial being sent out to the cities in exchange for runs and goods on a fair and equitable basis. Cities will serve as emporia for village products instead of the villages being used as a dumping ground for the manufacture goods of the cities. Machines will not be abolished. On the contrary, the people will have many more of them. But these machines will be simple machines which the people stinkpot themselves operate and own individually or collectively. 7 This relationship between agriculture and industry, village and city, will stop exploitation and bring self-enough. For him it was imperative that sufficiency should start from below, i. e. , from the village and then upward to the regional level. In Gandhis own words My idea of villageSwarajis that it is a complete republic, independent of its neighbors for its own vital wants, and yet interdependent for many another(prenominal)s which dependence is a necessity. Thus, eve ry villages first concern will be to grow its own food and cotton for its cloth. It should have a reserve for its cattle.Then, if there is more land available, it will grow useful m championy crops, thus excluding ganja, tobacco, opium and the like. 18 His village is self-sufficient in vital wants, but interdependent in many other spheres. Interdependence, while maintaining the independence of the village, is the keynote of Gandhis approach to village life. caller Not a Pyramid, but an Oceanic Circle Gandhi described the organization of the society in the form of an oceanic circle. In this structure compose of innumerable villages, there will be ever-widening but never-ascending circles.Life will not be a pyramid with the apex sustained by the bottom. But it will be an oceanic circle whose center will be the individual always ready to perish for the village, the latter ready to perish for the circle of villages, work at last the whole becomes one life composed of individuals, nev er aggressive but ever humble, sharing the majesty of the oceanic circle of which they are integral units. Therefore, the outmost circumference will not wield power to crush the knowledgeable circle, but will give strength to all in spite of appearance and derive its own strength from it. 19He believed that all power resided in the people and that it should also originate from the people. The dynamo of power in a country like India should be the village. The village was to be a knot in a system of oceanic circles in which the remotest circle derived its strength from the center, i. e. , the individual. This would mean that sovereignty was not to hang in concentrated at any one level. It was to be diffused among units rising horizontally till they reached the interior(a) level. In terms of political science, the residuary power remained with the village and the center was there to co-ordinate the work.Gandhi believed in Thoreaus saying, that government is the best which governs t he least. 20 Charkha (Spinning-Wheel) Hope of Rural Masses The message of the spinning-wheel is to replace the odor of exploitation by the temperament of service. The dominant note in the West is the note of exploitation. I have no desire that our country should copy that spirit or that note. 21 Gandhi again maintains I do feel that it Charkha has a message for the U. S. A. and the whole world. But it cannot be until India has demonstrated to the world that it has made the spinning-wheel its own, which it has not done today.The fault is not of the wheel. I have not the slightest question that the saving of India and of the world lies in the wheel. If India becomes the slave of the machine, then, I say, heaven save the world. 22 Hence, the message of the spinning-wheel is much wider than its circumference. Its message is one of simplicity, service of mankind, living so as not to hurt others, creating an indissoluble bond between the rich and the poor, capital and labor, the prince and the peasant. That larger message is naturally for all. 23 Gandhi felt convinced that the revival of hand-spinning and hand-weaving would make the largest contribution to the economic and the moral regeneration of India. The millions must have a simple industry to supplement agriculture. Spinning was the cottage industry years ago, and if the millions are to be saved from starvation, they must be enabled to introduce spinning in their homes, and every village must repossess its own weaver. 24He wanted to make the spinning-wheel the center of all handicrafts. The spinning-wheel was a symbol of hope to the masses.The masses lost their freedom, such as it was, with the loss of thecharkha. Thecharkhasupplemented the agriculture of the villagers and gave it dignity. It was the friend and solace of the widow. It kept the villagers from idleness. For thecharkhaincluded all the anterior and posterior industries B ginning, carding, wrapping, sizing, dyeing and weaving. These in their tur n kept the village carpenter and blacksmith busy. Thecharkhaenabled the seven hundred thousand villages to become self-contained. With the exit of thecharkhawent the other village industries, such as the oil press.Nothing took the place of these industries. Therefore, the villages were drain of their varied occupations and their creative talent which brought them meager income to supplement their limited source of income. Hence, it was suggested that the revival ofcharkhawould result in making the villages economically self-sufficient. Gandhi had no doubt in his mind that the wheel could serve as the instrument of earning ones livelihood and, at the same time, enable the worker to render useful service to his neighbors. In order to ply the wheel intelligently, he should know all the processes that precede and succeed spinning.This conviction dawned upon Gandhi even before he came to India, that the revival of hand-spinning alone could restore India to its pristine glory. He compare d the spinning-wheel to the sun around which the solar system of the village economy revolved. It provided the golden bridge between the rich and the poor. Swadeshi Antidote to modernization Gandhi said thatSwadeshiwould mean that one should not serve ones distant neighbor at the expense of the nearest. It is never vindictive or punitive. It is in no sense narrow, because it buys from every part of the world what is needed for our growth.We must retract to buy from anyone anything, however nice or beautiful, if it interferes with our growth. Gandhi bought useful and thought provoke literature from every part of the world. One could buy surgical instruments from England, pins and pencils from Austria and watches from Switzerland. But one should not buy an inch of the finest cotton fabric from England or lacquer or any other part of the world, because it could be easily made in India and to buy it from elsewhere would hurt the sentiments of those who work for their livelihood.Henc e, Gandhi held it to be sinful for anyone to refuse to buy the cloth spun and woven by the needy millions of Indias paupers and to buy foreign cloth, although it may be superior in quality to the Indian hand-spun. MySwadeshi, therefore, in the main centers round the handKhaddarand extends to everything that can be and is produced in India. 25 Soul-Force The Secret of Success Gandhi wanted to popularize the use of soul-force, which is but another hit for the force of love, in place of brute-force. Having flung aside the sword, there is nothing except the cup of love which I can offer to those who oppose me.It is by offering that cup that I expect to draw them close to me. I cannot think of permanent enmity between man and man, and believing as I do in the theory of rebirth, I live in the hope that, if not in this birth, in some other birth, I shall be able to crush all humanity in friendly embrace. 26 Chapter 17, the most important chapter in the whole book ofHind Swarajstarts wi th the question whether there is any diachronic evidence of any nation having risen through soul-force. 27According to Gandhi, Tulsidas is a better guide here than are the Indian princes.Tulsidas and such other Acharyas taught thatdaya(compassion) is the true ultimate basis ofDharma(duty) and, therefore, also of theDharmathat should govern thePraja(the ordinary people). However widespread the use of brute-force may have been in history, it is no reason to doubt the validity of the counter thesis. If the story of the universe had commenced with wars, not a man would have been found alive today. . . . Therefore, the greatest and the most unimpeachable evidence of the advantage of this force is to be found in the fact that, in spite of the wars of the world, it still lives on. . . Hundreds of nations live in peace. . . . History is very a record of every interruption of the even working of the force of love or the soul. 28 Gandhi believed that Indian civilization had the potential t o give to the world a way to get through freedom without bloodshed and violence. To achieve this we have to develop the right relationship betweendaya(compassion) and national interest. The error of modern nationalism had been to take for granted that national interest divorced fromdayais the ultimate principle of national conduct.He sees the distinct possibility of the national elite B the doctors, the lawyers, and the modern professional class taken as a whole B acting in their own interest, and exploiting, deceiving and oppressing the people at large in the name of the nation. They would be able to act in the interest of thePrajaonly if their nationalism is founded on the principle ofdaya. For this one has to undergo a process of inner liberation(chhutkara). Gandhi shows how one can achieve this inner liberation. He now identifies the nation with the elite who are eager to have Home Rule.He insists that the elite have to undergo genuine moral transformation. For this they have t o be imbued with a deep sense of real nationalism which is different from what the modern nationalism depicts. He wants them to be imbued with real love and to experience the soul-force within themselves. however those who have undergone such interior transformation can speak to the English without fear or hatred. Only such transformed Indian nationals can really understand the threat posed by modern civilization and the promise held by Indian civilization. Swaraj An Eternal Quest and Perennial ChallengeOne has to understand the true mean ofSwaraj. In the first place,Swarajis a mental condition of (i) inner liberation from the temptations of greed and power offered by modern civilization, (ii) freedom from hatred towards the national enemy, the British, and (iii) wide awake love for the IndianPraja, a love that can conquer the temptations of greed and power. Secondly,Swarajis an external condition of (i) political independence from alien domination, and (ii) life-long dedication to the task of amend the material conditions of poverty and caste oppression of the IndianPraja.In concrete terms,Swarajrequires one to take a stand on brute-force and soul-force. If there be only one such Indian, Gandhi affirms, the English will have to listen to him. 29 Attaining national liberation is not so much a matter of getting rid of the British as getting rid of the fascination for modern civilization which teaches the Indian elite to exploit and oppress the IndianPrajaand establish their superiority.We have to let go ourselves from the evils of modern civilization and fill our hearts withdaya,satya(truth) andahimsa(non-violence). Only then would we become morally fit to deal both with the British and with the Indian people. Unless and until we are vulcanised of the chronic sickness of imitating the West, ignoring our own age old tradition and cultural heritage, we will not be able to face any one else.

European Tour Operators Essay

IntroductionThe macro-environment looks at broad trends shaping the national and international environment. An analysis of the macro environment is crucial in determining the factors which gestate a direct electric shock and/or might influence the strategic direction of an organisation. The macro-environment is difficult for organisations to influence and changes enkindle be far-reaching. The media is usually rich informant of both information and speculation and as such cannot be a reliable source of reference. There are available tools for analysing the macro-environment in an attempt to notice those factors, which might pull in an seismic disturbance upon the organisation, both in terms of being a threat or an opportunity and these include* The PESTEL modeling* Key drivers* ScenariosThe PESTEL framework categorises environmental influences into six main types* Political* Economic* Social* Technological* Environmental* LegalThe PESTEL analysis evaluates the broad societal t rends that affect many industries. It identifies genuine and future developments that will shape the micro-environments of each pains sector. Key drivers for change are environmental factors that are likely to have a high impact on the success or failure of a business strategy. Scenarios are detailed and plausible views of how the business environment of an organisation might develop in the future based on key drivers for change about which there is a high level of uncertainty.Question 1 Key drivers of change exploitation the PESTEL framework, which helps us understand the key drivers of change and external influences on the organization, we can identify the underlying forces in the macro-environment driving the competitive forces as follows1.1) POLITICAL Terrorist attacks that resulted in tight security measures and strict immigration laws. Following these attacks many countries put some destination off-limits, touch off insurers would refuse to cover tourists if they went there despite the governance ban or warnings against such travels. Tourism also suffered when prolonged tourist abductions began to affect tourist perceptions.1.2) ECONOMICAL the economic crisis can positively and negatively impact tourism industry. Economic crisis became the major threat which results in the collapse of some major players in the industry, for example the closing d knowledge of XL Leisure sort. Given that the UNWTOs Tourism 2020 Vision had forecast that international arrivals are expected to reach nearly 1.6 billion by the year 2020 this implied that to a greater extent(prenominal) opportunities and more competition was to be expected in the coming years. Hence the assertion that recession can have positive impacts. It therefore was an opportunity for the survivors as they collar more merchandise space and more consumers to absorb in.Moreover, a post-recession boom could be expected and taking into consideration that tourism contributes 10.6% of field GDP they cea selessly get their stake from the disposable income. 1.3) TECHNOLOGICAL Customers relying on internet and online sales were change magnitude. Statistics show a mere 72% of UK households had access to internet in 2008 and is increase compared to previous years. Even though online sales make it easier for customers and cut addresss by reducing staff and intermediaries, it also possesses a threat to companies. Internet has a low barrier for entry (Porter, 2001) and newcomers can easily pop into the competition.Question 2 Porters analysis structureMichael Porter (HBR, 1989) says awareness of the louver forces can help a federation understand the structure of its industry and stake out a position that is more profitable and less vulnerable to attack. quintette force framework helps identifies the sources of competition in the industry (Johnson et al., 2005). Five forces which are not independent ofeach other, draws a connection betwixt competitive forces and the key drivers in the m acro-environment.The forces reveal the most significant aspects of the competitive environment. They also provide a baseline for sizing up a companys strengths and weaknesses Where does the company stand versus buyers, suppliers, entrants, rivals, and substitutes? Most importantly, an understanding of industry structure guides managers toward fruitful possibilities for strategic action, which may include any or all of the next positioning the company to better cope with the current competitive forces anticipating and exploiting shifts in the forces and shaping the balance of forces to create a new industry structure that is more favourable to the company. The best strategies exploit more than one of these possibilities.2.1Competitive rivalry There is a head competitive rivalry in the industry. High fixed cost largely favours the incumbents. And there is a significant 5% difference in market share between the top two market leaders (TUI 18.6% and doubting Thomas Cook 13.9% in 2008) . These huge variations of market shares of incumbents lessen the competition in the industry.2.2The threats of substitutes Even though TV, games or other social activities can act as substitutes, they will never be same as travelling. Moreover, there is a low differentiation of products and together there is low threat of substitutes.2.3 The dicker precedent of buyers There is a low switching cost to buyers with the emergence of internet and online sales. But the low differentiation of products and lesser number of substitutes limits the bargaining power of buyers to low.2.4The bargaining power of suppliers Suppliers have high negotiation powers against the companies having a low share in the market. But in a market where the top 5 market leaders covering more than 43.1% of market and possessing a threat of backward integration, there will be a power balance.This implies only a moderate bargaining power for the suppliers.2.5The threats of new entrants High Capital Requirement crea tes a high barrier of entry for newcomers. And more than 70 % of market share is controlled by the top leaders and this reduces the price retaliation and keeps the economies of scale high. Brand Recognition also acts as a barrier to new entrants. Hence, the threat of new entrants is low.3. Five forces and the futurePorter (1987) said a company can maintain its leadership in the market only by establishing a difference that it can preserve and by keeping its structure attractive. TUI is the leading company in the concentrated market of tour operators in Europe with a staggering 21% of the market share. TUI operates in over 180 countries worldwide serving more than 30 million customers offering a wide range of leisure travel experiences. They also operate around 240 hotels of which majority are in the 4- or 5- star category. The strengths of TUI will help them to maintain their leadership in the tourism industry. returning(prenominal) Vertical Integration of TUI helped them to spread out through the value chain. This made them deliver a higher value when compared to their competitors at a cheaper price. Being their own suppliers (Airlines, Hotels etc.) helped them to attain cost leadership. Their investments on direct distribution channels act as a key driver reducing the distribution cost and increasing the margin. Their multi-channel distribution focusing on online sales made them capable of retaining their customers and gaining new customers.Stable and management friendly shareholders supported them to incorporate better customer overhaul along with their excellent operating service, and thus extend their presence in the value chain. Moreover, TUI had better liquidity and financial situation following the sale of Hapag-Lloyd. The erudition of companies varying from tourism, airlines, hotels, cruises etc. all over the world help them attains differentiation.They claim their differentiated products are integral part of their customer retention, brand building and uniqueness and thus gained them the competitive advantage in the market (Annual Report, 2008).TUI always seek to create value for their customers, investors and employees. As the number of short-haul travels increases, TUI will gain from concentrating a procedure more on supporting this (can enter in road transportation facilities). Alike other leaders in tourism industry, TUI will also have to tackle their consolidated fixed assets. The level of success achieved by TUI holds some important lessons and some much needed inspiration to a business world that could use a little of both.However according to the World Market Travel Industry Report (2010) the travel and tourism industry fear the long impact the global downturn will have on the industry, believing it will struggle to return to pre-downturn demand levels and profitability until 2016. More than half of the industry (52%) believes the global downturns impact on tourism demand is one of biggest issues facing the industry over the next vanadium years. Furthermore, 49% tangle the downturns impact on price, profit and margins is a big issue over the next five years the two biggest percentage responses to the scruple What is the biggest single issue facing your business over the next five years?When asked what is the single biggest issue facing their business over the next five years the global downturns impact on demand for tourism is cited by more than three out of ten people (31%), magical spell the downturns impact on price, profit and margins is cited by a quarter again the two biggest percentage responses to the question.REFERENCES1. Annual Report. (2008). TUI Annual Report. TUI AG.2. Johnson G and Scholes K (2010) Exploring Corporate Strategy (9th ed). London Prentice Hall. World3. Porter, M. E. (1980). How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy. TheMcKinsey Quarterly ,34-50.4. Porter, M. E. (2001). Strategy and the Internet. Harvard Business Review, 63-79.5. Porter, M. (1987). From Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 43-596. TUI website. (n.d.).Retrieved November 6, 2009, from http//www.tui-group.comTUI look Study UNWTO. (2005). Tourism 2020 vision. Retrieved October 31, 2009, from World Tourism Organisation http//www.unwto.org/facts/eng/vision.htm

A Garden Lover in my family Essay

It gives me immense pleasure to talk about a garden lover in my family. As we all know gardening is a fictive activity in which personality is made to order. Garden provides inexhaustible sources for paintings and poems all over the world and it is a home for many species of birds and flies which lend magnetise to the verdant looks of the garden. The heartening sounds of birds distract us from the monotonous regimen of our daily lives. My father is a garden lover. He devotes his leisure time in gardening. I think it is natural in human that he likes gardens. After all the first man Adam and first woman hawa ever lived in the garden of Eden. He has a piece of plot to practice and pursue gardening. There he has varieties of crops and vegetables and a couple of fruit trees. The vegetables include spinach, bitter guard, chillies, tomato, ladys finger, cucumber etc. Also there are roses, jasmine which turn the garden into a rich feast of colors to eyes. The fruit trees include mango, b anana and guava. legion(predicate) birds visit the garden and some lives there. Gardening keeps him physically fit, mentally alert and fresh. The air here is fresh, fragrant and invigorating. The atmosphere is quiet calm and soothing. Gardening involves digging, weeding, cutting, grafting, watering, maturing and work on of the soil. These activities give him sufficient physical exercise to keep me bodily fit and mentally alert. Many of our friends and relatives appreciate his hobby and skills in it. Moreover we help him in maintain the garden during our spare time. Plants are as sensitive as we human beings are. They react to our actions of love, affection or cruelty. But one requires a truly sensitive heart and acute senses to understand their language. He never notions lonely, sad, unemployed or bored because of his hobby. Plants, flowers, birds and butterflies give us a pleasant and delightful company.We feel amidst them very happy and fortunate. There are beauty, pleasure, ed ucation and instructions in their company. Sometimes, he seeks help and advice from a gardener as well. He spends all his carrier bag money in purchasing seeds, manure, fertilizer, gardening implements or books on gardening. He never misses a program on gardening if it is there on the television. He also visit flower-shows, vegetable and fruit exhibitions. The delight he derives from gardening helps him a lot in concentrating on his working. He feels more close to nature andGod when he is in his garden. To him gardening is like a prayer. It inspires his imagination and gives him noble thoughts. We are nearer God when we are in the garden because in the garden there are peace, calmness, beauty, pleasure, colors, coolness, purity and leisure. And these are some of the qualities closely associated with God.

Micro and macro market enviroment Essay

In regularize to correctly identify opportunities and monitor threats, the troupe must(prenominal) begin with athorough understanding of the merchandising milieu in which the firm ope localises. The marketingsurround consists of either the actors and forces outside marketing that affect the marketingman termments ability to develop and maintain lucky relationships with its target customers.Though these factors and forces may diversify depending on the specific confederation and industrial stem, they rout out generally be dual-lane into broad micro environmental and macro environmentalcomponents.For near companies, the micro environmental components ar the caller,suppliers, marketing transplant firms (intermediaries), customer markets, competitors, and macrocosmswhich combine to restore up the smart sets value deli genuinely system. The macro environmentalcomponents argon thought to be demographic, economic, indispensable, technological, policy-making, and ethnic for ces. The wise marketing manager k straightship canal that he or she dejectionnot always affectenvironmental forces. However, smart managers can take a proactive, rather than reactive,approach to the marketing environment.As marketing management collects and processes data on these environments, they must be ever vigilant in their efforts to apply what they learn to developing opportunities and dealing withthreats. Studies put up shown that fantabulous companies not only swallow a keen sense of customer butan appreciation of the environmental forces swirling nigh them.By constantly looking at thedynamic changes that atomic number 18 occurring in the aforementioned environments, companies are better lively to hold to change, stand up long- shed strategy, meet the needs of todays andtomorrows customers, and compete with the impatient competition present in the globalmarketplace. All firms are encouraged to adopt an environmental management situation in thenew millennium.A com panys marketing environmentconsists of the actors and forces outside marketing thataffect marketing managements ability to develop and maintain successful relationships with itstarget customers.1). Being successful means being able to adapt the marketing mix to turns and changes thisenvironment.2). Changes in themarketing environment are often quick and unpredictable.3). The marketing environment offers both opportunities and threats.4). The company must use its marketing research and marketing intelligence systems to monitor the changing environment.5). Systematic environmental scanning befriends marketers to revise and adapt marketing strategiesto meet new challenges and opportunities in the marketplace. The marketing environment ismade up of a1. Micro environmental2. macro instruction-environment1. Micro surroundalThe microenvironment consists of five components. The first is the organizations inner(a)environmentits several departments and management levelsas it affects mar ketingmanagements decision making. The second component includes the marketing canalise firmsthat encourage to create value the suppliers and marketing intermediaries (middlemen, physicaldistribution firms, marketing- advantage agencies, financial intermediaries). The third componentconsists of the five types of markets in which the organization can tell on the consumer, producer,reseller, government, and international markets. The fourth component consists of thecompetitors facing the organization.The fifth component consists of all the publics that have anactual or likely interest in or impact on the organizations ability to achieve its objectivesfinancial, media, government, citizen action, and local, general, and intrinsic publics. So themicroenvironment consists of six forces close to the company that affect its ability to table attend itscustomersa. The company itself (including departments). b. Suppliers.c. Marketing channel firms (intermediaries).d. Customer markets.e . Competitors.f. Publics. 1. The Companys MicroenvironmentAs discussed earlier the companys microenvironment consists of six forces that affect its abilityto serve its customers. Lets discuss these forces in detail a. The CompanyThe first force is the company itself and the role it plays in the microenvironment. This could bedeemed the internal environment.1). Top management is responsible for setting the companys mission, objectives, broadstrategies, and policies.2). Marketing managers must make decisions at bottom the parameters established by topmanagement.3). Marketing managers must in any case work closely with other company departments.Areas such(prenominal) asfinance, R & D, purchasing, manufacturing, and accounting all produce better results whenaligned by common objectives and goals.4). All departments must sound off consumer if the firm is to be successful. The goal is to providesuperior customer value and satisfaction. b. SuppliersSuppliers are firms and individuals tha t provide the resources needed by the company and itscompetitors to produce goods and services. They are an important link in the companys overallcustomer value delivery system.1). adept consideration is to watch supply availability (such as supply shortages).2). Another point of restore is the observe of price trends of key inputs. Rising supply costsmust be conservatively monitored. c. Marketing IntermediariesMarketing intermediaries are firms that help the company to promote, sell, and distribute itsgoods to final buyers.1). Resellersare distribution channel firms that help the company find customers or make salesto them.2). These include wholesalers and retailers who buy and resell merchandise.3). Resellers often perform important functions to a greater extent cheaply than the company can performitself. However, seeking and working with resellers is not easy because of the power that somedemand and use. Physical distribution firmshelp the company to stock and move goods from their points of blood line to their destinations. Examples would be warehouses (that store and protect goods beforethey move to the next destination). Marketing service agencies(such as marketing research firms, advertising agencies, mediafirms, etc.) help the company target and promote its products. Financial intermediaries(such as banks, credit companies, insurance companies, etc.) helpfinance transactions and insure against risks. d. CustomersThe company must study its customer markets closely since from each one market has its own specialcharacteristics. These markets normally include1).Consumer markets(individuals and households that buy goods and services for personalconsumption).2). Business markets(buy goods and services for further touch on or for use in their production process).3). Reseller markets(buy goods and services in order to resell them at a profit).4). Government markets(agencies that buy goods and services in order to produce publicservices or transfer them to those that need them).5). supranational markets(buyers of all types in foreign countries)e. CompetitorsEvery company faces a wide range of competitors. A company must secure a strategic advantageover competitors by positioning their offerings to be successful in the marketplace. No singlecompetitive strategy is best for all companies. f. PublicsApublicis any free radical that has an actual or say-so interest in or impact on an organizationsability to achieve its objectives. A company should prepare a marketing plan for all of their major publics as well as their customer markets. Generally, publics can be identified as being1). Financial publicsinfluence the companys ability to come funds.2). Media publicscarry news, features, and editorial opinion.3). Government publicstake developments into account.4).Citizen-action publicsa companys decisions are often questioned by consumer organizations.5). Local publicsincludes neighborhood residents and community organizations.6). Gene ral publicsa company must be concerned about(predicate) the general publics attitude toward its products and services.7). Internal publicsworkers, managers, volunteers, and the board of directors.2.MACRO ENVIRONMENTThe Companys Macro environmentThe company and all of the other actors operate in a larger macro environmentof forces thatshape opportunities and pose threats to the company. There are six major forces (outlined below)in the companys macro environment. There are six major forces (outlined below) in thecompanys macro environment.a. demographic. b. Economic.c. Natural.d. Technological.e. Political.f. ethnical.a. DemographicEnvironment Demography is the study of gentle populations in terms of size, density, location, age, sex, race,occupation, and other statistics. It is of major interest to marketers because it involves people and people make up markets. Demographic trends are constantly changing. Some more interestingones are.1). The worlds population (though not all coun tries) rate is growing at an explosive rate that willsoon exceed food supply and ability to adequately service the population. The greatest danger isin the poorest countries where poverty contributes to the difficulties.Emerging markets such asChina are receiving increased attention from global marketers.2). The close to important trend is the changing age structure of the population. The population isaging because of a slowdown in the consanguinity rate (in this country) and life expectancy is increasing.The baby boomers following World War II have produced a huge bulge in our populationsage distribution.The new prime market is the middle age group (in the future it will be the senior citizen group). There are many subdivisions of this group.a). Generation Xthis group lies in the shadow of the boomers and lack obvious distinguishingcharacteristics. They are a very cynical group because of all the difficulties that have surroundedand impacted their group.b). Echo boomers(baby boom lets) are the large growing kid and teen market. This group is usedto affluence on the part of their parents (as different from the Gen Xers). One distinguishingcharacteristic is their utter fluency and comfort with computer, digital, and Internet technology(sometimes called Net-Gens).c). generational marketing is possible, however, caution must be used to avoid generationalalienation. Many in the modern family now telecommutework at home or in a remote officeand conduct their patronage utilize fax, cell phones, modem, or the Internet In general, the population is becoming better educated.The work force is be-coming more white-collar.Products such as books and education services appeal to groups following this trend. Technicalskills (such as in computers) will be a must in the future. The final demographic trend is theincreasing ethnic and racial diversity of the population. regeneration is a force that must berecognized in the next decade. However, companies must recognize that diversity goes beyond ethnic heritage. One the important markets of the future are that disabled people (a market larger any of our ethnic minority groups).b. Economic EnvironmentThe economic environment includes those factors that affect consumer purchasing power andspending patterns. Major economic trends in the United States include1). Personal consumption (along with personal debt) has gone up (1980s) and the early mid-nineties brought recession that has caused adjustments both personally and corporately in this country.Today, consumers are more careful shoppers.2).Value marketing(trying to offer the consumer greater value for their dollar) is a very seriousstrategy in the 1990s. Real income is on the rise again but is being carefully guarded by a value-conscious consumer.3).Income distributionis still very skewed in the U. S. and all classes have not shared in prosperity. In addition, spending patterns show that food, housing, and transportation stillaccount for the majority o f consumer dollars. It is also of note that distribution of income hascreated a two-tiered market where there are those that are affluent and less affluent. Marketersmust carefully monitor economic changes so they will be able to prosper with the trend, notsuffer from it .c. Natural EnvironmentThe natural environment involves natural resources that are needed as inputsby marketers or that are affected by marketing activities. During the past two decades environmental concernshave steadily grown. Some trend analysts labeled the specific areas of concern were 1).Shortages of raw materials.Staples such as air, water, and wood products have been seriously damaged and non-renewablesuch as oil, coal, and various minerals have been seriously depleted during industrial expansion.2). change magnitude pollutionis a worldwide problem. Industrial damage to the environment is very serious. Far-sightedcompanies are becoming environmentally friendly and are producing environmentally safe andrecycl able or biodegradable goods. The public response to these companies is encouraging.However, lack of adequate funding, especially in third world countries, is a major barrier.3).Government hitch in natural resource management has caused environmental concerns to be more practical andnecessary in business and industry. Leadership, not punishment, seems to be the best policy for long-term results. Instead of opposing regulation, marketers should help develop solutions to thematerial and elan vital problems facing the world.4).Environmentally sustainable strategies.The so-called green movement has encouraged or even demanded that firms produce strategiesthat are not only environmentally friendly but are also environmentally proactive. Firms are scratch to recognize the link between a healthy economy and a healthy environment.d. Technological EnvironmentThe technological environmentincludes forces that create new technologies, creating new product and market opportunities. 1). Techno logy is perhaps the most dramatic force shaping our destiny 2). New technologies create new markets and opportunities.3). The following trends are expense watchinga). Faster pace of technological change. Products are beingtechnologically outdated at a rapid pace. b). There seems to be almost unlimited opportunities being developed daily. Consider theexpanding . fields of health care, the space shuttle, robotics, and biogenetic industries. c). The challenge is not only technical but also commercialto make practical, affordableversions of . . products. d). Increased regulation. Marketers should be aware of the regulations concerning product safety,individual privacy, and other areas that affect technological changes. They must also be alert to . any.possible negative aspects of an innovation that might harm users or arouse opposition. e. Political EnvironmentThe political environment includes laws, government agencies, and pressure groups thatinfluence and . limit various organizatio ns and individuals in a given club. Various forms of polity regulate business.1). Governments developpublic policy to guide commercesets of laws and regulations limiting business for the good of auberge as a whole.2). Almost every marketing activity is subject to a wide range of laws and regulations. Sometrends in the political environment include1). Increasing legislation toa).Protect companies from each other.b).Protecting consumersfrom unfair business practices.c).Protecting interests of society against unrestrained business behavior.2). Changing government agency enforcement. New laws and their enforcement will continue or increase.3). Increased emphasis on ethics and socially responsible actions. Socially responsible firmsactively seek out ways to protect the long-run interests of their consumers and the environment.a). Enlightened companies encourage their managers to look beyond regulation and do the rightthing. b). Recent scandals have increased concern about ethics and s ocial responsibility. c). The boom in e-commerce and Internet marketing has created a new set of social and ethicalissues. Concerns are Privacy, Security, Access by vulnerable or unauthorized groups.f. Cultural EnvironmentThe cultural environment is made up of institutions and other forces that affect societys basicvalues, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors. true cultural characteristics can affectmarketing decision-making. Among the most dynamic cultural characteristics are 1). Persistence of cultural values. masss core beliefs and values have a high degree of persistence. Core beliefs and values are passed on from parents to children and are reinforced byschools, churches, business, and government. Secondary beliefs and values are more open tochange.2). Shifts in secondary cultural values. Since secondary cultural values and beliefs are open tochange, marketers want to spot them and be able to capitalise on the change potential. Societysmajor cultural views are expressed i na).Peoples views of themselves.People vary in their emphasis on serving themselves versusserving others. In the 1980s, personal ambition and materialism increased dramatically, withsignificant implications for marketing. The vacant industry was a chief beneficiary.b).Peoples views of others.Observers have noted a shift from a me-society to a we-society. Consumers are spending more on products and services that will improve their livesrather than their image.c). Peoples views of organizations.People are willing to work for large organizations butexpect them to becomeincreasingly socially responsible. Many companies are linkingthemselves to worthwhile causes. Honesty in appeals is a must.d).Peoples views of society.This orientation influences consumption patterns. Buy Americanversus buying abroad is an issue that will continue into the next decade.e).Peoples view of reputation.There is a growing trend toward peoples feeling of mastery over nature through technology and the belief that nature is bountiful. However, nature is finite. Loveof nature and sports associated with nature are expected to be significant trends in the nextseveral years.f).Peoples views of the universe.Studies of the origin of man, religion, and thought-provokingad campaigns are on the rise. Currently, Americans are on a spiritual journey. This will probablytake the form of spiritual individualism.